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PO Box 1175 (5530 North Montana) • Helena, MT 59624
406-458-0227 (phone) • 406-458-0373 (fax) • www.montanawildlife.com


Contemplations on Hunting,
Values and Ethics

From: Montana Wildlife
A Publication of the Montana Wildlife Federation
Volume 28 • Number 6 • Oct/Nov 2004

“Hunting is not merely an acquired taste; the instinct that finds delight in the sight and pursuit of game is bred into the very fiber of this race (man). We are dealing, therefore, with something that lies very deep. Some can live without opportunity for this exercise and control of the hunting instinct, just as I suppose some can live without work, play, love, business or other vital adventures. But in these days we regard deprivations as unsocial. Opportunity for exercise of all the normal instincts has come to be regarded more and more as an inalienable right.”

– Aldo Leopold, "A Sand County Almanac", 1949


“…When I hunt I am immersed mentally, physically and even spiritually in an age-old predatory relationship among animals. I am participating in a common ecological process –just as a fox seeks her prey.”

“To me, hunting is a very intense personal relationship between myself, the prey, and the environment in which the chase occurs.”

“This participation, to me, is a form of ecological worship.”

– Eric K. Fritzell, "Hunting as Religion", Wildlife Forever Symposium


“…there is value in any experience that exercises those ethical restraints collectively called ‘sportsmanship’.”

“A peculiar virtue in wildlife ethics is that the hunter obviously has no gallery to applaud or disapprove of this conduct. Whatever his acts, they are dictated by his own conscious, rather than a mob of onlookers. It is difficult to exaggerate the importance of this fact.”

– Aldo Leopold, "A Sand County Almanac", 1949


“Hunting may lead people to have peak experiences. All the elements are there, from spectacular environmental settings to intense emotional excitement, to encounters with the deepest issues of life and death. Many hunters I know feel that ultimately hunting is their religion, but often do not admit this because of criticism from those who do not understand the hunter’s soul.”

– James A. Swan, "In Defense of Hunting", 1995


“Why do I hunt? It’s a lot to think about, and I think about it a lot. I hunt to acknowledge my evolutionary roots, millennia deep, as a predatory omnivore. To participate actively in the bedrock workings of nature. For the atavistic challenge of doing it well with an absolute minimum of technological assistance. To learn the lessons, about nature and myself, that only hunting can teach. To accept personal responsibility for at least some of the deaths that nourish my life. For the glimpse it offers into a wildness we can hardly imagine. Because it provides the closest thing I’ve known to a spiritual experience. I hunt because it enriches my life and because I can’t help myself…because I was born with a hunter’s heart.”

– David Peterson, "A Hunter’s Heart", 1996


“The early conservation movement…generated the first stages in shaping a “commons,” a public domain for public ownership for public use and the public ownership of fish and wildlife as resources not subject to private appropriation. Wildlife is a resource of the commons - not of commerce. “

– Samuel P. Hays, "Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency", 1959


“Fundamental to ethical hunting is the idea of fair chase. This concept addresses the balance between the hunter and the hunted. It is a balance that allows hunters to occasionally succeed while animals generally avoid being taken.”

“There are some activities that are clearly unfair as well as unethical. At the top of the list is shooting captive or domesticated big game animals in commercial killing areas (game farms) where a person with a gun is guaranteed an animal to shoot. These shooting grounds are alien to any consideration of ‘ethical hunting’.”

“There is a lot to think about and be thankful for. It is well to think of these things when you anticipate hunting, now and then when your are hunting, and always when you claim an animal that is, in so many ways, a precious gift. It is a gift that comes to you from ancestral hunters in the caves of origins, from native hunter of all lands, from those who won our independence from kings, from our nation’s first conservationists, and from all those who work to protect wild places and the wildlife that lives there. Most of all, it is a gift that comes from the land. Appreciate it.”

- Jim Posewitz, Helena, Montana, "Beyond Fair Chase: The Ethic and Tradition of Hunting", 1994

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